Bretton Woods system

Salam kepada tuan-yang-empunya Wikipedia,

Saya pinjam-mintak-tampal artikel korang nih dlm blog nih.

Tuan, saya nak respon satu blog (di sini). Sejak malaysia mengorak langkah menuju-hala ke sektor indutri dengan niat untuk menjadi negara maju, lebih spesifik tahnun2020, malaysia-pun ber-globalisasi dari negara komoditi ke negara industri. mungkin agak amateur lagi dlm dunia tanpa sempadan - seperti jugak pasukan bolasepak-nya yang tak maju2 sehinggakan kejayaan-kemenangan-mengangkat-piala disimbolikkkan atas nama kehebatan jurulatih-nya, maka terdedahlah dengan segala macam tipu-muslihat, sakat-menyakat big brother di luar nun.

Yang jujur berniaga akhirnya dimenangi oleh towkeh rumah urut > the sage, the fool, the sinner....

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The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states in the mid 20th century. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states.

Preparing to rebuild the international economic system as World War II was still raging, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference. The delegates deliberated upon and signed the Bretton Woods Agreements during the first three weeks of July 1944.

Setting up a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the international monetary system, the planners at Bretton Woods established the International Monetary Fund(IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which today is part of the World Bank Group. These organizations became operational in 1945 after a sufficient number of countries had ratified the agreement.

The chief features of the Bretton Woods system were an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate by tying its currency to the U.S. dollar and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of payments.

On August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the dollar to gold. As a result, "[t]he Bretton Woods system officially ended and the dollar became fully 'fiat currency,' backed by nothing but the promise of the federal government."^[1] This action, referred to as the Nixon shock, created the situation in which the United States dollar became the sole backing of currencies and a reserve currency for the member states.

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terima kasih...